Alternative solutions for internet censorship in Australia Essay

This report was appointed to expand other elective techniques that can be utilized to screen web data in Australia without fusing web filtration as the Australian government proposes. The eventual fate of Australian youngsters has been undermined by the indecent indecencies that the utilization of the web propagates. Additionally, associations, clients and trailblazers have likewise experienced this worldview which advocates for phishing, on-line data fraud and theft among others. Subsequently, the report advocates for the utilization of innovation, political force, moral morals and common libertarians. These strategies are not at risk to examination and analysis as they don't block the primary alteration bill of the constitution which advocates for opportunity of articulation among different concerns clarified in the report. Besides, the report assesses this scope of techniques and reasons that it is perfect to execute the innovation strategy. Presentation Advancement in innovation has expanded the dependence of web as a methods for amusement and instruction source. It has likewise incorporated the instruction educational program, social, financial and political exercises making both a positive and a negative effect. We have had the option to succeed and are really thankful on the grounds that the majority of the data and mechanical expertise can be recovered easily. Be that as it may, our youngsters and business ventures have been unfavorably influenced by the expanded web inappropriate behavior, security attack, digital harassing, on-line data fraud, robbery and phishing just to make reference to a couple in the ceaseless rundown. In the occasion our youngsters have created forceful perspectives which advocates for reprobate practices. Then again youngsters that have encountered web lewd behavior and tormenting among others become discouraged and hence are removed from public activity and its advantages. This clarifies the expanded paces of high school self-destructive endeavors in Australia (Australian Government 2007). In this manner, the legislature has made a further stride in an endeavor of controling this pickle by acquainting compulsory web filtration with all internet providers at home, in schools and open PCs utilized by he Australian youngsters. The administration additionally plans to set up the Australian youngsters on procedures of being capable digital residents, ensuring their character while on-line, understanding the effect of their activities on others while utilizing the web, reacting to digital bulling and attack of their protection among other negative web indecencies. To accomplish this the administration intends to dispatch training educational plan that gives top notch digital security instruction programs and teach guardians on the negative indecencies won by the web consequently guaranteeing their kids utilize the web mindfully. Besides, the administration intends to utilize the boycott planned by the Australia Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) to guarantee hurtful data isn't profited to the youngsters, set up a Youth Advisory Group (YAG) to effectively get to data influencing kids on-line and to do additionally explore on digital wellbeing issues in Australia among others (Australian Government 2007). This activity has been met with blended responses as certain residents bolster the thought while others dismiss the move basically breaking down it. Pundits see the move as a lash to the turn of events and government assistance of the residents regarding web use since web oversight will lessen the speed of the web, the activity isn't viable on the grounds that individuals will in any case have the option to get to the precluded data using intermediary administrations and web benefits just to make reference to a couple. The activity will likewise disregard the primary alteration charge which advocates for opportunity of articulation. The nation will squander a tremendous total of its capital through the execution of this unreasonable arrangement on the grounds that around USD 22billion of assessment payers’ cash will be utilized to actualize this activity. Moreover, the models that will be utilized to decide the fitting age to utilize the web, the fittingness of data on the web and deciding a complete boycott are being referred to. Accordingly, to butt-centric the issue the legislature is confronting this report will expound on elective strategies for web restriction other than web filtration that can be utilized (Harvey 2009b). Elective arrangements To end the contentions that have emerged as a result of the proposition of fusing obligatory Internet Service supplier (ISP) separating in the nation the administration should actualize different options, for example, utilization of innovation, political force, moral morals and common libertarian to execute web oversight as laid out underneath. Innovation The administration can use the accessible innovation to help execute their techniques on web restriction instead of utilizing web filtration. It can set up sites that educate and caution grown-ups and youngsters on the risks won by the web and how to keep away from them. On the other hand it can step up to the plate of financing such projects that have previously being set up. This technique will be viable as the likelihood of individuals utilizing the web to access such data is high. The technique is additionally practical as such activities have been actualized in different nations for instance USA and end up being productive. Likewise the administration will effectively have the option to profit on-line wellbeing rules to the region of kids, for example, utilizing passwords, meeting individuals met through the web with the assent or backup of guardians and abstaining from giving out close to home data. For example the Business Software Alliance (BSA) has empower to alarm and instruct e-posteriors and clients on the perils of web, for example, closeout webpage cheats, falsifying, data fraud and phishing among others and viable methods of forestalling being survivors of the above indecencies. BSA has set up a site were they offer their learning and safe guarding tips by showing stories from casualties and tips of keeping away from such episodes (Lindroth 2008). Also, programs that permit guardians to actually direct web data benefited to their youngsters ought to be utilized. This will keep the administration from defining enactments that damaged sacred rights, for example, the right to speak freely of discourse and articulation. It will likewise permit the advancement of this innovation subsequently profiting the nation and improving the government assistance of the populace on the loose. For instance US residents have had the option to appreciate the advantages of utilizing glubble a Firefox program module that has empowered guardians to make a protected perusing condition for their children. The innovation is anything but difficult to utilize, quick to introduce, encourages guardians to control web data at the region of their kids and empower their youngsters to have the fitting on-line understanding. Besides, it doesn't restrict web data that is critical to grown-ups yet unsafe to kids, for example, family arranging tips. In this manner, the legislature ought to profit by such instruments by offering their help either strategically or financially (Gary 2009). Political force The legislature is politically enabled subsequently has the ability to control enactments and arrangements that direct this nation. Along these lines, it should utilize this chance to detail approaches that will empower accomplishment of digital security without negating on enactments that had been recently figured. For example utilization of modules and projects that will permit guardians and open utilities where youngsters are prevail clients of the web will build licensed innovation encroachment in this manner, enactments that will ensure proprietors development ought to be specified permitting viable utilization of exchange checks, licenses and copyright laws among others subsequently extend the privileges of these protected innovation holders. This will support trend-setters along these lines increment the assortment of the cutting edge innovation to purchasers. Besides, it will build the serious idea of the economy of Australia both locally and on the planet advertise. The legislature ought to likewise specify systems that will make harsh move against guilty parties who are found propagating digital bulling, web inappropriate behavior and taking peoples’ character. The legislature ought to likewise benefit simple components for revealing indecencies that check digital wellbeing. This will fill in as a notice to planned guilty parties and subsequently decline the quantity of such episodes. Likewise kids will grow up ethically as they will abstain from rehearsing such indecencies since this activity will viably tame them. Casualties of such indecencies, guardians, and youngsters will readily give up data concerning such guilty parties to the pertinent authority as a result of the confirmation that viable move will be made (Harvey 2009a). Moral morals Most of the exercises and data in the web are ethically off-base as they disregard morals and human standards. Along these lines, another instrument that can be utilized to increment digital wellbeing is instructing and managing the populace and kids specifically on moral indecencies that can be embraced, in this way empowering the adherence and regard of business, strict, social and good morals. For instance more episodes of younger students taking part in informal communication destinations that propagate corrupt conduct, for example, erotic entertainment and prostitution are clear along these lines, learning establishments ought to figure strategies that will successfully manage younger students that partake in such occurrences and disrupt school guidelines. Guardians then again ought to create drawing involved with their kids to have the option to additionally impart the ethical rules that they take in and embrace from their school condition. Thusly, the school organization should work connected at the hip with the legislature to obviously diagram rules that will train understudies concerning data benefited and gathered from the web. The assemblage th

Role of Computer in Daily Life

Money related Crises and Bank Liquidity Creation Allen N. Berger †and Christa H. S. Bouwman †¡ October 2008 Financial emergencies and bank liquidity creation are regularly associated. We analyze this association from two points of view. In the first place, we look at the total liquidity production of banks previously, during, and after five significant monetary emergencies in the U. S. from 1984:Q1 to 2008:Q1. We reveal various intriguing examples, for example, a noteworthy develop or drop-off of â€Å"abnormal† liquidity creation before every emergency, where â€Å"abnormal† is characterized comparative with a period pattern and regular factors.Banking and market-related emergencies contrast in that financial emergencies were gone before by unusual positive liquidity creation, while showcase related emergencies were commonly gone before by irregular negative liquidity creation. Bank liquidity creation has both diminished and expanded during emergencies, like ly both compounding and improving the impacts of emergencies. Shaky sheet ensures, for example, credit duties moved more than on-accounting report resources, for example, home loans and business loaning during banking crises.Second, we look at the impact of pre-emergency bank capital proportions on the serious positions and benefit of individual banks during and after every emergency. The proof proposes that high capital served huge banks well around banking emergencies †they improved their liquidity creation piece of the overall industry and benefit during these emergencies and had the option to clutch their improved presentation subsequently. Likewise, high-capital recorded banks delighted in fundamentally higher unusual stock returns than low-capital recorded banks during banking crises.These benefits didn't hold or held to a lesser degree around marketrelated emergencies and in ordinary occasions. Interestingly, high capital proportions seem to have helped little banks impr ove their liquidity creation piece of the overall industry during banking emergencies, showcase related emergencies, and typical occasions the same, and the increases in piece of the overall industry were supported a while later. Their productivity improved during two emergencies and ensuing to for all intents and purposes each emergency. Comparable outcomes were seen during ordinary occasions for little banks. †University of South Carolina, Wharton Financial Institutions Center, and CentER †Tilburg University.Contact subtleties: Moore School of Business, University of South Carolina, 1705 College Street, Columbia, SC 29208. Tel: 803-576-8440. Fax: 803-777-6876. Email: [emailâ protected] sc. edu. †¡ Case Western Reserve University, and Wharton Financial Institutions Center. Contact subtleties: Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, 362 PBL, Cleveland, OH 44106. Tel. : 216-368-3688. Fax: 216-368-6249. Email: christa. [ emailâ protected] edu. Watchwords: Financial Crises, Liquidity Creation, and Banking. JEL Classification: G28, and G21.The creators say thanks to Asani Sarkar, Bob DeYoung, Peter Ritchken, Greg Udell, and members at introductions at the Summer Research Conference 2008 in Finance at the ISB in Hyderabad, the International Monetary Fund, the University of Kansas’ Southwind Finance Conference, and Erasmus University for helpful remarks. Monetary Crises and Bank Liquidity Creation 1. Presentation Over the past 25 years, the U. S. has encountered various money related emergencies. At the core of these emergencies are frequently issues encompassing liquidity arrangement by the financial segment and money related markets (e. . , Acharya, Shin, and Yorulmazer 2007). For instance, in the current subprime loaning emergency, liquidity appears to have evaporated as banks appear to be less ready to loan to people, firms, different banks, and capital market members, and credit securitizat ion seems, by all accounts, to be fundamentally discouraged. This conduct of banks is summed up by the Economist: â€Å"Although brokers are consistently stingier in a downturn, [†¦] bunches of banks said they had additionally curtailed loaning on account of a slide in their present or anticipated capital and liquidity. 1 The down to earth significance of liquidity during emergencies is buttressed by monetary intermediation hypothesis, which shows that the formation of liquidity is a significant motivation behind why banks exist. 2 Early commitments contend that banks make liquidity by financing generally illiquid resources, for example, business advances with moderately fluid liabilities, for example, exchanges stores (e. g. , Bryant 1980, Diamond and Dybvig 1983). Later commitments recommend that banks additionally make liquidity off the accounting report through credit responsibilities and comparable cases to fluid assets (e. g. Holmstrom and Tirole 1998, Kashyap, Rajan, an d Stein 2002). 3 The formation of liquidity makes banks delicate and defenseless to runs (e. g. , Diamond and Dybvig 1983, Chari and Jagannathan 1988), and such runs can prompt emergencies by means of infection impacts. Bank liquidity creation can likewise have genuine impacts, specifically if a money related emergency breaks the production of liquidity (e. g. , Dell’Ariccia, Detragiache, and Rajan 2008). 4 Exploring the connection between money related emergencies and bank liquidity creation would thus be able to yield possibly fascinating financial experiences and may have significant approach implications.The objectives of this paper are twofold. The first is to look at the total liquidity production of 1 â€Å"The credit emergency: Financial motor failure† †The Economist, February 7, 2008. As indicated by the hypothesis, another focal job of banks in the economy is to change credit chance (e. g. , Diamond 1984, Ramakrishnan and Thakor 1984, Boyd and Prescott 1 986). As of late, Coval and Thakor (2005) conjecture that banks may likewise emerge because of the conduct of silly operators in money related markets. 3James (1981) and Boot, Thakor, and Udell (1991) endogenize the advance responsibility contract because of enlightening gratings. The credit duty contract is along these lines utilized in Holmstrom and Tirole (1998) and Kashyap, Rajan, and Stein (2002) to show how banks can give liquidity to borrowers. 4 Acharya and Pedersen (2005) show that liquidity chance additionally influences the normal profits for stocks. 2 1 banks around five monetary emergencies in the U. S. over the past 25 years. 5 The emergencies incorporate two financial emergencies (the credit mash of the mid 1990s and the subprime loaning emergency of 2007 †? what's more, three emergencies that can be seen as basically advertise related (the 1987 financial exchange crash, the Russian obligation emergency in addition to the Long-Term Capital Management emergency in 1998, and the blasting of the spot. com bubble in addition to the September 11 fear monger assault of the mid 2000s). This assessment is proposed to reveal insight into whether there are any associations between money related emergencies and total liquidity creation, and whether these change dependent on the idea of the emergency (I. e. , banking versus advertise related emergency). A decent nderstanding of the conduct of bank liquidity creation around monetary emergencies is additionally critical to reveal insight into whether banks make â€Å"too little† or â€Å"too much† liquidity, and whether bank conduct fuels or enhances the impacts of emergencies. We archive the exact regularities identified with these issues, in order to bring up extra fascinating issues for additional observational and hypothetical assessments. The subsequent objective is to examine the impact of pre-emergency value capital proportions on the serious positions and benefit of individual banks around each crisis.Since bank capital influences liquidity creation (e. g. , Diamond and Rajan 2000, 2001, Berger and Bouwman prospective), all things considered, manages an account with various capital proportions act diversely during emergencies as far as their liquidity creation reactions. In particular, we ask: are high-capital banks ready to pick up piece of the overall industry as far as liquidity creation to the detriment of low-capital banks during an emergency, and does such improved piece of the overall industry convert into higher gainfulness? Assuming this is the case, are the high-capital banks ready to continue their improved serious situations after the monetary emergency is over?The ongoing acquisitions of Countrywide, Bear Stearns, and Washington Mutual give intriguing contextual analyses in such manner. Every one of the three firms came up short on capital and must be rescued by manages an account with more grounded capital positions. Bank of America (Countrywideà ¢â‚¬â„¢s acquirer) and J. P. Morgan Chase (acquirer of Bear-Stearns and Washington Mutual’s banking activities) had capital proportions sufficiently high to empower them to purchase their opponents at a little portion of what they merited a year prior, subsequently increasing a potential upper hand. 6 The ongoing experience of IndyMac Bank gives 5Studies on the conduct of banks around money related emergencies have ordinarily centered around business and land loaning (e. g. , Berger and Udell 1994, Hancock, Laing, and Wilcox 1995, Dell’Ariccia, Igan, and Laeven 2008). We center around the more exhaustive thought of bank liquidity creation. 6 On Sunday, March 16, 2008, J. P. Morgan Chase consented to pay $2 an offer to purchase all of Bear Stearns, under onetenth of the firm’s share cost on Friday and a little part of the $170 share value a year prior. On March 24, 2008, it expanded its offer to $10, and finished the exchange on May 30, 2008.On January 11, Bank o f America reported it would pay $4 billion for Countrywide, after Countrywide’s advertise capitalization had dove 85% during the former a year. The exchange was finished on July 1, 2008. After a $16. 4 billion ten-day bank 2 another fascinating model. The FDIC seized IndyMac Bank after it endured meaningful misfortunes and investors had begun to run on the bank. The FDIC means to sell the bank, ideally as a solitary element however in the event that that doesn't work, the bank will be auctions off in pieces.Given the manner in which the administrative endorsement process for bank acquisitions works, almost certainly, the acquirer(s) will have a solid capital base. 7 A budgetary emergency is a characteristic occasion to test

Critos Reason to Escape Prison Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critos Reason to Escape Prison - Assignment Example Crito accepts that nobody would accept that he really gave out cash for Socrates to get away, yet Socrates declined and as indicated by him, there is no some other disfavor than being considered as an individual who esteems cash contrasted with a companion. Crito’s explanation behind persuading Socrates to get away from jail so as to maintain a strategic distance from capital punishment is driven by the way that he can't accept that Socrates is defended in selling out his own life when he can be spared. Crito affirms that Socrates double-crossing own life is similar to selling out his own kids (Plato, n.d.). This is on the grounds that he is deciding to leave them when he can bring them up and assume a job in instructing them. He challenges Socrates by saying that no one ought to deliver kids when they are not ready to drive forward until the conclusion to instruct and sustain them into capable individuals.  Socrates listens distinctly to Crito before giving him reasons that counter his contentions. As a matter of first importance, he reveals to Crito that he fears that Crito and his different companions may stumble into difficulty with the sources for helping him escape. Moreover, helping him to get away from will cause them to lose their whole or a tremendous piece of their property; or they may even face more awful underhanded.  In as much as Crito attempts to persuade him that they are eager to go to the extraordinary to guarantee that he get away, Socrates is uncommonly unyielding. He gives Crito a few premises and asks him whether he is directly by saying that assessments of certain individuals are to be esteemed and feelings others isn't to be esteemed. In saying this, he was advising Crito not to esteem the assessment of individuals who will consider him as an individual who esteems riches instead of companionship (Plato, n.d.). As indicated by Socrates, the assessments of such individuals are the ones to be considered as conclusions that don't make a difference.

Writing IELTS Essay Topics

Writing IELTS Essay TopicsLiz essay topics can be a hard thing to find, especially when you are working in an extremely competitive environment and that includes the IELTS (English Language Testing Service) London. To make matters worse, the subject to be written on is going to be the main focus of the whole test - an English Literature essay.You might be saying 'But Liz! I don't want to have to learn anything about my chosen subject!' Well, no one wants to sit for an IELTS test with no idea what the subject is all about. So you need to find the IELTS essay topics that will help you take your subject to the next level and it doesn't help if it is the same subject that everyone else has written on.Why? Well, that's because your essay topic must be unique. That means you need to think of something different. It can be some sort of a complex puzzle, a complicated word game, or it can be some type of chart-theory that could possibly confuse and frustrate your reader.To help you understan d the thought process that should go into writing an IELTS essay topic, I would like to use as an example a car breakdown. We all know what the basic parts of a car breakdown are, but what does a car breakdown consist of? Let's say that it is broken down and not easily repaired.If you list it out you might discover that it is broken down into various sub parts and this is true for an English Literature or any other type of subject. Let's say for example that the question is how much can a car be repaired by. It would be very important to answer this question if the purpose of the test is to find out how much the car can be repaired or not. The only way to answer this question is to write about an imaginary situation.It would be very helpful to find out how many cars in an average day are broken down at any one time in the United Kingdom? In the event of a car breakdown you might be amazed to find out that a staggering 75% of cars are repaired! So, let's say that the English Literatu re question is how much can a car be repaired.And let's face it, that is a question about the meaning of words and how to break down an English Literature essay topic. So find a way to combine these two different things, the specific example above and write about an imaginary car breakdown in an imaginary English Literature test.

The American Government Built Correctional Institutions

The American Government built correctional institutions for the sole purpose of teaching malefactors how to live without breaking the law. However, prisons fail to fulfill their one duty. Too many people once released from prison return to prison within a short period of time. A staggering percentage of inmates used drugs prior to arrest, but because they receive subpar rehabilitation within prison walls, they still suffer a drug addiction when they get released. Severe mental disorders plague many of today’s prisoners, and the Government should assign them to a proper mental institution instead of a correctional facility. Even though prisons intend to cease violence, violence still occurs within prison walls. Correctional institutions should incorporate the upper three levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs into their system to help inmates realize their true potential. The current system of correctional facilities fails to succeed because they place a group of dangerou s deviants into a building deprived of hope instead of using peaceful methods to change the mindset of inmates for the better. Drugs play a tremendous role in the world of crime. In 2004, the United States Department of Justice stated 64% of Federal prisoners and 70% of State prisoners regularly used drugs. 25% of current inmates felt intoxicated on drugs when they committed whatever crime got them in jail. Narcotics not only cause addiction problems, but they also motivate crime. Contrabands lead to crimeShow MoreRelatedThe Overcrowding Of The Correctional Facilities1730 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom cruel and unusual punishment (Boylan, 2015, p. 558). At the time California’s correctional institutions were at double their capacity, housing over 155, 500 prisoners in only 33 institutions (Specter, 2010, p. 194). 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Project Management Plan For Projects Essay - 2107 Words

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The main six phases are Project Preparation, Business Blueprint, Realization, Final Preparation, Go-live, and Operate. However, each phase has it owns sub-tasks which enable each phase to successfully address the proposedRead MoreProject Management : Project Plan Cost Management Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesProject budget With the Sim4Project our team utilized a proper plan cost management, by employing certain procedures to control the project’s cost. The cost management influences the project manager’s decisions and project output. We used weekly meetings and strategic budget management to decide on which resources were valuable and which did not meet the criteria. Other factors impacted the cost management for sim4project such as organizing resource time and to what percent the resource contributed

Sustainable Business Destructive or Negative Impacts

Question: Discuss about theSustainable Businessfor Destructive or Negative Impacts. Answer: Introduction A sustainable business is one that aims at minimizing destructive or negative impacts on the surrounding. It is an enterprise that focuses on providing goods and services that enhance and maintain the state of the consumers and the society as a whole. It is done by reducing the adverse effects that may result in the course of business operation within a given environment. The impacts minimized are mainly based on the society and consumers as well as the various ecosystems within the environment (Fields, 2015). The decisions made within the enterprise are based on the consumer and the society's well-being. Long-term satisfaction and clean environmental conditions, as well as a balance in the ecosystem, are realized in this particular enterprise as the primary services and goods provided are made to rhyme and fit the target group. A sustainable business within given environment operates in a flexible and universal way when all its products and services are acceptable (Neva Jonathan, 2012). Five Forms of Capital Used In Business Capital refers to consolidated assets that are utilized by a business enterprise in generating income. The assets are used in the production of goods and services. Some of the assets include: Natural capital: this refers to all resources (renewable and non-renewable) that are used in the production of goods and services. The impacts of these resources determine the sustainability of the society and consumers as well as the environment. It is because they identify the output product. For example, renewable energy sources like the sun, they result in the production of solar panels which are eco-friendly. In their natural form, the resources extracted from the earth's crust during mining are important in making suitable products that are not harmful to humans and the environment. It does not apply to all the goods as some modifications based on human skills and knowledge do result in environmental pollution. Take for example the cement manufacturing process which results in dust emissions during processing. The effects can be minimized through innovative ways that are preferred by the business firm to promote the well-being of the environment as well as the human beings especially the workers involved in the production process. The ecological integrity to provide biological conditions and productivity is thereby enhanced. Human capital is the human labor offered regarding skills and knowledge. Sometimes human experience may be productive, but when used in extremes, it turns out to be dangerous. Concerning production of nuclear-based weapons, human knowledge and the entire company associated pollutes the environment hence sustainability is not achieved. Careful choice and eco-friendly innovations based on various skills promote the sustainable business e.g. use of plant-based raw materials to produce medical products. All individuals are subject to equal opportunities and resources for the development of their well-being and high standards. These are built through effective relations created between people. The aftermath of this is access to varied and satisfying opportunities of work, innovation, creativity and long-term satisfaction. Social capital refers to organizations that help build and maintain the human capital kinship. They may be government agencies and various co-operations championing for the well-being of the environment, consumers, and the society. A good example is the civil aviation authority which gives airworthiness directives to various aircraft manufacturers as well as the operators (Jonathan, 2013). Society organizations and related institutions act as pacesetters for the business verge towards sustainability. Trusted and accepted systems of law and governance take control of the various environmental and human aspects that aim at sustenance. A good example is the world green energy movement which emphasizes on eco-friendly sources of energy such as solar energy which have minimal environmental effects. The various parties interact in the society and communicate ideas that can be used to promote healthy working environments through implementation of ideologies shared. Manufactured capital: it refers to the material goods that are utilized in the production of goods and services. They are majorly fixed assets. For sustainability, these goods should be eco-friendly, e.g., low Sulfur content diesel for the operation of industrial machinery. All these resources concerning technology and infrastructure make minimum use of the natural resources and maximize on personal ideas and skills. Since people are critical in the process, they have the ability to modify the manufactured goods to suit a given sustainability target production line. The necessary adjustments reduce the risk of a particular product/service to both humans and the environment. A good example is minimization of chemical additive to given natural and human-made products (Kevin, 2014). Financial capital combines all the four other forms of capital. It has no absolute measured value as the value of various aspects of labor are not subject to absolute measurements. It complements all the efforts towards sustainable business. It acts as the measure of achievement of sustenance as it consists of all possible aspects and assets within as given business. Examples of Businesses Successfully Engaging In Sustainable Business Most companies focus on sustainability. Most of the are based on energy farm chemicals and human medicine. They include: Dell- the company recycles materials and incorporates them in the various components they make e.g. laptop casings. Davis and sheriff- they major in solar panels and solar water pumps. Ayurvedic medicines India- makes herbal medicine. Chetna Organic- promotes organic farming via its organic products (Scott, 2013). Bibliography Corporate Social Responsibility Sustainable Business: A Guide to Their Leadership Tasks Functions. (2013). Place of publication not identified: Center for Creative Leadership. FIELDS, Z. (2015). Collective creativity for responsible and sustainable business practice. HERSHEY: BUSINESS SCI REFER IGI. Sanders, N. R., Wood, J. D. (2015). Foundations of sustainable business: Theory, function, and strategy. Scott, J. T. (2013). The sustainable business: A practitioner's guide to achieving long-term profitability and competitiveness. Tim W. Eliza, W. (2012). Community Control in a Global Economy: Lessons from Mexico's Economic Integration Process Jonathan M. (2001). Agriculture in a Global Perspective. Neva R. Jonathan M (2012). Better Principles: New Approaches to Teaching Introductory Economics. Kevin P. (2014). Is NACEC a Model Trade and Environment Institution? Lessons from Mexican Industry. Jonathan M. (2013) Macroeconomic Policy and Sustainability.

Securing Client/Server Transactions Essays -

Securing Client/Server Transactions Securing Client/Server Transactions Securing Client/Server Transactions The three basic ways that security is implemented in the area of client/server transaction. The first area is firewalls. The basic idea of a firewall to monitor traffic from a trusted network ( a companys internal network) to an untrusted network (such as the Internet). Firewalls fall into two categories, proxies and packet-filtering firewalls. Packet-filtering determines whether a packet is allowed or disallowed depending on the source of the packet and the contents of it. Packet-filtering also looks at the source and destination ports, and to determine if a packet is part of an ongoing conversation. An application-level firewall, better known as a proxy acts as an intermediary between the client and the server. The client application connects to the proxy. The proxy opens a connection to the server and passes information back and forth between the server and the client (refer to Figure 1.). Figure 1. Both firewalls have their advantages and disadvantages. In most cases both categories will be implemented on the same firewall. A packet-filtering firewall tends to be less secure than a proxy based firewall, since complete knowledge of the protocol is used by the application. However packet filtering can allow a concept known as masquerading. Masquerading is when the firewall takes the outgoing source address on the packets and converts the address so the receiver thinks they are talking to the firewall. The receivers packets will have its address on it coming back so the firewall can determine which sender gets the packet. The advantage of masquerading is that a companys internal network can be hidden behind the firewall. Another security implementation is encryption. Encryption is the process of modifying information so that it can not be read by anyone except the intended recipient. This is done by applying mathematical algorithms that require a key to unlock, or decrypt, the original data. Algorithms that use the same key to encrypt and decrypt data are known as symmetric encryption algorithms. Algorithms that use different keys to encrypt and decrypt data are known as asymmetric or public-key encryption algorithms. Encrypted data comes in two forms 40-bit and 128-bit. 40-bit encryption uses a 40 bits of space to encrypt data and 128 bits of space for the 128-bit form. The process of verifying the senders identity is known as authentication. Authentication can be performed with a user name and password, or with a piece of information known as a digital certificate. A digital certificate contains encryption parameters, which can be used to uniquely identify a user or a host system. Verifying that an external party has not modified data is known as integrity checking. Integrity checking is done by applying a mathematical algorithm, known as a hash, to data before its sent and computing the same hash when the data is received. If the two hashes map to the same result, then the data hasnt been modified. How do these areas affect client/server transaction? Client/server transaction deals with the everyday transactions that people engage in on the Internet. With each transaction, personal information is sent from client to vendor. The information has a tendency to be sensitive in nature and not something shared with anyone except the vendor. Such information may include social security numbers, credit card numbers, and possibly information for monthly bills (account numbers and balances specifically). Businesses have to save-guard their customers in order for their customers to feel secure in buying products and services from them. Businesses understand this importance. Some businesses and development groups have evolved from the need to make business transactions more secure on the Internet. In doing so, business presence has grown exponentially over the last decade. Commercials on TV tell business owners if they arent on the web, they wont survive. Programmers face difficult and exciting challenges in the areas of security for client/server transaction. One of the most popular languages used on the Internet is Java. Java runs on many different platforms, which makes it very versatile in Internet applications. JavaSoftTM has introduced the Java Commerce Client (JCC) framework. The JCC provides a secure, robust, and reliable platform that enables software vendors to write electronic commerce applications. With a framework, you focus on the application-specific

Captain vs. Master

Captain vs. Master Captain vs. Master Captain vs. Master By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between a ship’s captain and a ship’s master? In contemporary usage, not much, but historically, the titles represented quite distinct roles. Captain is more common in modern usage, but master is more historically accurate. Captain derives ultimately from the Latin term caput, meaning â€Å"head† and related to other words beginning with cap- such as capital; capitaneus, meaning â€Å"chief,† and the French word capitaine, meaning â€Å"leader,† are the intermediate forms. Master, originating in the Latin word magis, meaning â€Å"more,† stems from magister, which also means â€Å"chief† as well as â€Å"director† or teacher.† In the Middle Ages, the man in charge of a ship, often but not always the owner, was called the master; this usage stems from imperial Rome. On the high seas, where delay or dissension could lead to destruction and death, the master had absolute authority, hence the title. However, before the advent of standing navies, civilian ships were often offered or impressed for use in transporting soldiers and their supplies from one place to another. When the captain of a company of soldiers brought the troops aboard for transport, he assumed military command of the ship, determining its destination and, if the ship engaged in hostilities at sea, directing the battle. In matters of sailing and maneuvering, though, the captain deferred to the master, who of course remained on board. (Before captain became a specific military rank, it designated a leader of roughly up to several hundred soldiers assembled for a specific battle or campaign. Much later, it became an official designation for a standing military unit of a circumscribed similar size.) As civilian ships were given long-term military roles, this division of responsibilities remained in effect: A captain had overall authority, but the master was responsibility for sailing operations. When permanent navies were established, roughly coincident with the establishment of standing armies, captain became a precise military rank in both settings. Master was also codified as the label for a specific posting; the master (sometimes called the sailing master) oversaw navigation and provisioning of the ship under direction of the captain, who by this time was a skilled mariner as well as a military leader. Naval captains and those commanding land-based units were and are not equivalent in rank: The largest ships in the Age of Sail eventually carried a thousand or more crew members, and ships often operated independently, requiring the captain to exercise great responsibility (and life-or-death authority), whereas an army captain commanded no more than a couple hundred men and was part of a more restrictive chain of command. Therefore, to this day, a navy captain holds a fairly high status in the naval hierarchy, whereas an army captain (or an officer with the equivalent rank in an air force or in the marines) has a comparatively minor role, though he or she must still demonstrate leadership skills. Even in the Middle Ages, a captain designated one or more lieutenants to assist him with command, to lead the company if he was absent or incapacitated, or to temporarily take responsibility for part of the unit. (The word lieutenant comes from the French phrase lieu tenant, meaning â€Å"deputy,† from words meaning â€Å"place† and â€Å"holder.†) Later, a ship was assigned one or more lieutenants depending on the size of the vessel. Meanwhile, master also briefly became a naval military rank below the rank of lieutenant, rather than a position, but it was phased out as naval vessels were increasingly powered by steam rather than sail. Other words that apply to naval command include commander, from an Old French word meaning â€Å"one who commands.† (The rank was originally styled â€Å"master and commander† to denote the commanding officer of a small vessel who doubled as the master, hence the Patrick O’Brian novel of that title and the related film starring Russell Crowe.) Commodore, the Dutch word derived from this term, came to apply to a captain given temporary command of a group of vessels and later became a specific rank above that of captain. (The similar term commandant is not a rank; it applies to an officer of any rank who commands a training facility or a prison.) Admiral, meanwhile, referring to a high-ranking naval officer in command of an entire navy or a fleet or major unit within one or the other, is from the Arabic word amir, meaning â€Å"military commander† (the source of emir, a modern word for an Arab leader) and, like captain, originally pertained to a land-based leader before it was applied to one who leads naval operations. On many modern civilian ships, the person in charge is officially referred to as the captain, whether or not there is a command hierarchy more or less based on naval tradition, though master is also common. In popular usage, however, captain came to prevail over master, so that, even now, the owner of a small pleasure craft will be referred to as â€Å"Captain† or â€Å"Skipper†; the latter word is derived from the Dutch word scipper, meaning â€Å"operator of a ship.† Skipper is also used formally to refer to the master of a small vessel such as a tugboat. Captain is used in other civilian command hierarchies, as in police and fire departments and the like, as well as to refer to the acknowledged leading athlete on a sports team, but master has not been adopted in such contexts from nautical usage. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?"Latter," not "Ladder"The Difference Between "Phonics" and "Phonetics"

The Strengths Needed in the Position You Seek Essay

The Strengths Needed in the Position You Seek - Essay Example In order to become a successful and well-known manager in a corporate organization, four strengths are extremely essential. These are, motivating the employees, high-level of communication skills, proper delegation of responsibilities, good organizing skills to deal effectively with the challenging situations. Only then, a manager might effectively control and manage the employees thereby amplifying the prospects of the organization in the market among others. Due to the enhancement of the profit margin and reputation, the wage package of the manager might also get enhanced thereby boosting the prospects of the career in the future age. However, among all the above-mentioned strengths, high-level of motivational and communication skills are present within me that might prove effective in amplifying my underlining leadership skills to a certain extent. As a result of which, my rate of dominance and supremacy within the organization might get enhanced that may prove extremely beneficial for me. But at the same time, proper delegation of the responsibilities as well as effective negotiation power is also equally essential in order to become a successful manager. However, as these skills are not present within me, these are essential to be developed so as to manage the organizational goals and objectives efficiently among others. Only then, an organization might operate successfully in the market. In spite of these, my teachers or my friends always encourage me to organize or control any show or activity as I am extremely good at tackling any situation.

The Voting of Many But Not All Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Voting of Many But Not All - Essay Example After 9/11, the United States found itself at that point more than ever needing the elected officials in Washington to come together and work towards protecting the needs of the citizens at a time of the greatest uncertainty. With that being said, when it comes down for election time, the levels at which people come out and vote are not still at maximum capacity. As this is an election year, the statistics for this year will not be available until later on, but with all things considered, 2008 is appearing to be a year of stronger voting numbers. The question is how come voting numbers in recent elections have not been as strong as they may be now According to the US Census report from March 2006 in regards to the voting numbers for the 2004 general election, "In the Presidential election of November 2004, the sixty-four percent of voting-age citizens who voted was higher than the sixty percent who turned out in 2000. This was the highest turnout in a presidential election year since 1992, when sixty-eight percent of voting age citizens voted. The overall number of people who voted in the November 2004 election was 126 million, a record high for a presidential election year," Adding that, "Voter turnout increased by 15 million voters from the election in 2000. During this same 4-year period, the voting-age citizen population increased by eleven million people," ("Registration" p.1). In the same report, the Census shows that based on the 2004 reported totals, it appears that both males and females had roughly the same percentage of registration to vote. That would serve to put a hole in the idea that one gender votes more than the other, but not quite in that registering to vote, while it does show intent, cannot guarantee follow-through. The '06 report also details the statistics that native citizens are more inclined to vote than those who are foreigners, as well as that the older population does tend to vote at a higher rate than the younger population does. As it gets closer to election time, there are countless pushes made to get out the vote, especially the vote of the ever desirable 18-24 demographic. With organizations like Rock the Vote, young people are given countless opportunities to reach out and flex their civic muscle for the greater good. Their website states that, "Rock the Vote mobilizes young people to create positive social and political change in their lives and communities. The goal of Rock the Vote's media campaigns and street team activities is to increase youth voter turnout," ("Rock p.1). Assessing the information, the question could be asked that when it comes time to vote, do people even have all of the information which they need to make a responsible voting decision when they reach the polls The online website Wikipedia says that, "Modern political science has questioned whether average citizens have sufficient political information to cast meaningful votes," ("Voting" p.1). This is a question that in itself is the root of the final voting levels which are seen on Election Day. Many reasons can be given as to why this occurs. Voter apathy, lack of education, or even in the worst case scenario, voter intimidation which unfortunately has been accused of happening in recent years. A good example provided of how this can be true is the article by the website CommonDreams.org. In their article

A Letter Format About the Advancements Essay Example for Free

A Letter Format About the Advancements Essay Dear Mr. Darwin, I am writing this letter to inform you of the current status of the finches you were so fascinated with what has changed since your visit, modern theories, and all of the currently identified species. First and foremost, I would like to tell you that your works and studies on the finches have become the most closely tied to you out of all of your other various studies. Modern-day scientists have become just as intrigued (if not more so) with the drab-colored little birds as you were. They show a great promise in explaining how evolution and natural selection works, and could easily be considered one of the most important scientific discoveries in history. Though the finches have not changed much in and of themselves since your last visit, much has been discovered about them that was not previously known. Although including all such discoveries in this text would be far too time and space consuming, I will inform you of some of the main changes below. Although you originally grouped all of the various types of finches into four genera, many modern-day scientists have decided that there are in fact six different genera: the Geospiza, Camarhynchus, Cactospiza, Platyspiza, Certhidea, and the Pinaroloxias. In addition, scientists have identified 14 species of finches, and there may be more scientists are still discovering things. Below I shall include a chart detailing the species in relation to the genera: Common Name Genus Species Small Ground Finch GeospizaFuliginosa Medium Ground Finch GeospizaFortis Large Ground Finch GeospizaMagnirostris Sharp-beaked Ground Finch GeospizaDifficilis Cactus Ground Finch GeospizaScandens Large Cactus Ground Finch GeospizaConirostris Small Tree FinchCamarhynchusParvulus Medium Tree FinchCamarhynchusPauper Large Tree FinchCamarhynchusPsittacula Woodpecker FinchCactospizaPallidus Mangrove Finch Cactospiza Heliobates Vegetarian FinchPlatyspizaCrassirostris Warbler Finch CerthideaOlivacea Cocos Island FinchPinaroloxiasInornata Although the above list is quite detailed, it doesnt include all of the various finches many are slightly different from the above species, but not so different as to count as a separate species. Many finches have similar coloration but slightly posses different beaks, or vice versa. It should also be noted that the above list only includes the finches discovered thus so far. There could very well be more finches that modern scientists are unaware of. The new species and genera are all new discoveries, and it is not certain whether or not they are newly evolved since your visit or simply hadnt been found by you. Either way, their discovery has helped the scientific world immensely in its attempt to understand evolution and natural selection. To draw a conclusion to this letter, I must once again congratulate you on your efforts all those many years ago they have helped to shape modern science, and have provided us with a greater understanding of the workings of the world. The world is indebted to you.

Jealousy in Julius Caesar :: Julius Caesar Essays

Jealousy in Julius Caesar Jealousy causes many of the characters in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar to commit dangerous and foolish acts. Cassius' jealousy drives him to kill Caesar. All the conspirators, except the noble Brutus, kill Caesar because they feel threatened by his power. Brutus is the only conspirator who murders Caesar for more honorable reasons. Jealousy is a very important theme in this play. Cassius feels very threatened by Caesar's power. He remembers when he was an equal to Caesar, and doesn't think that Caesar deserves this much power. He comments to Brutus, "I was born free as Caesar; so were you: / We both have fed as well, and we can both / Endure the winter's cold as well as he" (Act I, sc. II, 97-99). Cassius is also enraged because Caesar doesn't like him. Caesar suggests, "Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look; / He thinks too much: such men are dangerous" (Act I, sc. II, 194-195). Cassius thinks that Caesar's temper is dangerous. He declares, "Ye gods! It doth amaze me, / A man of such a feeble temper should / So get the start of the majestic world, / And bear the palm alone" (Act I, sc. II, 128-131). Casca also is jealous of Caesar. He is disgusted by Caesar's manipulation of the commoners. He describes it as "mere foolery" (Act I, sc. II, 235). Casca agrees with Cassius that Brutus is an essential part the conspiracy. He says, "O, he sits high in all the people's hearts; / And that which would appear offense in us, / His countenance, like richest alchemy, / Will change to virtue and to worthiness" (Act I, sc. III, 157-160). Brutus is the only conspirator who does not act out of jealousy and envy. He is Caesar's friend, and holds a powerful position in Rome. Therefore, he has no reason to feel jealous of Caesar. Brutus makes his decision based on what is the best for Rome, and is tricked into believing that the other conspirators feel the same way. He comments, "What need we any spur but our own cause / To prick us to redress? What other bond / Than the secret Romans that

The Worst Storm in Canadian History

Ice storms, also referred to as glaze storms, cause considerable damage every year to trees in urban and natural areas. They vary considerably in their severity and frequency. Ice storms are result of the ice formation process, which is influenced by general weather patterns. Ice accumulates when super cooled rain freezes on contact with surfaces, such as tree branches, that are at or below the freezing point (0'C). This generally occurs when a winter warm front passes through an area after the ground-level temperature reaches or falls below freezing. Rain falls through layers of cooler air without freezing, becoming super cooled. Periodically, other climatic events, including stationary, occluded, and cold fronts, also result in ice storms. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the1998 ice storm. This paper features three main section: An introduction, the main body (damage to woodland), and finally, a conclusion. In the main body of this paper, the effect of fire and pest/disease is discussed in detail. In the conclusion, comparison is made between fire and pests/disease versus ice storm. By the end of this paper, one should gain a better understanding of the severity of the 1998 ice storm as well as other damaging agents that affect the woodland in eastern North America Ice storms are often winter's worst hazard. More slippery than snow, freezing rain or glaze is tough and tenacious, clinging to every object it touches. A little can be dangerous, a lot can be catastrophic. Ice storm in Northeastern America has been common but the 1998 ice storm was exceptional. Ice storms are a major hazard in all parts of Canada except the North, but are especially common from Ontario to Newfoundland. The severity of ice storms depends largely on the accumulation of ice, the duration of the event, and the location and extent of the area affected. Based on these criteria, Ice Storm'98 was the worst ever to hit Canada in recent memory. From January 5-10, 1998 the total water equivalent of precipitation, comprising mostly freezing rain and ice pellets and a bit of snow, exceeded 85 mm in Ottawa, 73 mm in Kingston, 108 in Cornwall and 100 mm in Montreal (Environmental Canada, Jan 12/1998). Previous major ice storms in the region, notably December 1986 in Ottawa and February 1961 in Montreal, deposited between 30 and 40 mm of ice – about half the thickness from the 1998 storm event! (Environmental Canada, Jan 12/1998). The extent of the area affected by the ice was enormous. Freezing precipitation is often described as â€Å"a line of† or â€Å"spotty occurrences of†. At the peak of the storm, the area of freezing precipitation extended from Muskoka and Kitchener in Ontario through eastern Ontario, western Quebec and the Eastern Townships to the Fundy coasts of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. What made the ice storm so unusual, though, was that it went on for so long. On average, Ottawa and Montreal receive freezing precipitation on 12 to 17 days a year. Each episode generally lasts for only a few hours at a time, for an annual average total between 45 to 65 hours. During Ice Storm'98, it did not rain continuously, however, the number of hours of freezing rain and drizzle was in excess of 80 – again nearly double the normal annual total. One of the most appealing features of Eastern Ontario is the extensive forest cover. This is made up of woodlands of varying structure. These woodlands, as well as natural fencerows, windbreaks, and plantations of pine and poplar, dominate the landscape. Icing impacts may best be understood by treating spatially larger scales, starting with individual trees, proceeding to stands, and finally to forest landscapes. Ice damage to trees can range from mere breakage of a few twigs, to bending stems to the ground, to moderate crown loss, to outright breakage of the trunk. In the 1998 Northeastern ice storm, icing lasted long enough that many trees which were bent over had their crowns glued to the snow surface by the ice in many instances for as long as 3 weeks. Some of those trees actually erect posture after release from the snow, while many others remain bent over after 2 years. The severity of damage is generally believed to be closely related to the severity of winds following the heaviest ice accumulations. Damage varies across a range of severity and subtlety: minor branch breakage; major branch loss; bending over of crowns; root damages; breakage of trunks and in some hardwoods, trunks can be split. Depending on the stand composition, the amount of ice accumulation, and the stand history, damage to stands can range from light and patchy to the total breakage of all mature stems. Complete flattening of stands occurred locally in the Northeaster 1998 storm. In response to more moderate damage, effects on stands could include: shifts in over story composition in favor of the most resistant trees; loss of stand growth until leaf area is restored; and loss of value of the growth due to staining or damage to stem form. The term landscape refers to a ‘group† or a ‘family† of trees. I use the term vaguely because the size and composition of landscapes differ from region to region. The degree of damage is typically highly skewed by area. For example, in the January 1998 Northeaster storm, 1,800,000 ha of damage in Quebec was assessed by the Ministry of Natural Resource: very severe 4.2%, severe 32.0%, moderate 29.9%, and slight/trace 33.9% (The Science of the Total Environment, Volume: 262, Issue: 3, November 15, 2000, pp. 231-242 ). The effects on entire forest landscapes are highly patchy and variable. They also depend significantly on how landowners respond to the damage. Disturbance caused by diseases, by themselves or in conjunction with disturbance by insects, abiotic factors such as drought, fire and wind, and, increasingly, human activities, has played a critical role in the dynamics of many forest ecosystems in North America. In the predominantly coniferous forests in western North America there are considerable areas undisturbed directly by human activities. In these areas, diseases kill trees or predispose them to other agents of disturbance, resulting in gradual change in stand composition and structure. In areas disturbed by forest management practices of harvesting or exclusion of fire, increased disease incidence and severity has increased the damage caused by disease, and consequently, the rate of change. In the absence of introduced diseases in the predominantly deciduous forests of the Appalachian region of eastern North America, forests are relatively healthy. Here, forests are disturbed significantly by disease only after they are disturbed or stressed by other agents, predominantly defoliating insects and drought. In the eastern montane coniferous forest, chronic wind damage is a major predisposing factor to disease. Past harvesting practices, introduced diseases and insects, and fire exclusion have in some instances resulted in large areas of similar species and relatively similar ages that exacerbate the magnitude and severity of disturbance by disease. Fire is predominantly a natural phenomenon that burns the forest vegetation, polluting the ozone and wiping out the biodiversity. One major distinction between ice storm and forest fire is the way disaster are caused. The majority of forest fire could arguably be a result of human action and ice storm as an ‘act of god,† an act that is out of human control. Foresters usually distinguish three types of forest fires: ground fires, which burn the humus layer of the forest floor but do not burn appreciably above the surface; surface fires, which burn forest undergrowth and surface litter; and crown fires, which advance through the tops of trees or shrubs. It is not uncommon for two or three types of fires to occur simultaneously. Forest management has been able to reduce the occurrence of this event but many forest fires are out of arm†s length. Humans cause the majority of forest fires. Campers that do not put out their bond fire or campers littering lit cigarette bud are responsible for such an action. Natural occurrence such as lightning could spark a forest fire but the probability is small compared to human action. The convention way of putting out or reducing the spread of forest fire has been airliners. These airliners are filled with gallons and galloons of water. With limited capacity, these airliners fly above the flame and deposit galloons of water. For the purpose of this paper, deforestation simply means the lost of trees where the lost of trees exceeds the level of sustainable development. One of the major effects of forest fire is the burning of carbon dioxide into our atmosphere. This eventually creates a greenhouse affect and global warming. The effect damages our ecosystem as well as reduces one of Canada†s precious natural resource. Many projects, both from government funding and corporate sponsors, have done a good job increasing the awareness and risk related to deforestation. Pests directly affect the quantity and quality of forest nursery seedlings and can indirectly cause losses by disrupting reforestation plans or reducing survival of out planted stock. The movement of infested stock can disseminate pests to new areas. Since control of nursery pests may be based on pesticide usage, pest outbreaks may lead to environmental contamination. Woodland damage caused by livestock is a well-documented, yet persistent, forest health problem. Soil compaction, root disturbance and trunk/root collar damage caused by livestock reduce the vigor of trees. This paves the way for armillaria root rot, borers and other opportunistic organisms. Livestock also destroy the forest under story (reproduction), which hastens soil erosion and limits the future productivity of the site. The resulting forest decline reduces the quality, value and longevity of current and future trees on the site. Eliminating livestock from woodlands is the first step toward a healthier, more productive forest. As mentioned earlier in this paper, ice storm is a natural phenomenon caused by nature whereas forest fire are a result of human actions and preventable. One of the major differences between fire and ice storm is the rate of damage. Forest fire has a direct impact on the woodlands by changing the diversity of the landscape. Forest fire wipes out an entire landscape of trees causing a release of carbon dioxide. This ‘in lieu† effect results in global warming as well as greenhouse effect. The release of carbon dioxide has a long-term effect to our ecosystem. Carbon dioxide is trapped in our ozone layer making airways less preamble. This trapping effect eventually radiates heat causing global warming. The long-term effect is hazardous and changes our biodiversity. Ice storm has very little affect to our ozone layer. Damage to woodlands as a result of ice storm is concentrated within that area. Ice storm does not spread like fire does so areas that have been hit by an ice storm affect woodlands Pests and disease slowly eroded the quantity as well as quality of woodland. Infected woodland slows the development of growth by eroding the soil limiting the production of trees. Pest control and good forest management could improve the quality and well as productivity in these areas. Pests and diseases cause a slow change in biodiversity. As the woodland become infested, animals feeding from leafs and branch find it less desirable, eventually leaving the area in search of more suitable woodland. Similarly, forest fire, pests and disease spread but at a much slower rate. These agents infect the trees, eventually penetrating the roots and moving on to the next host. As mentioned previous, ice storm does not spread, rather the effect stays within the area. To conclude, fire and pests/disease are similar in the way these agents spread and infect their host. The preceding sentence can be best thought of as a virus infected it†s host as an analogy. Fire spreads at a much faster rate than pests/disease and the impact are instant. Both of these agents have long-term effect, which does not work in our favor. Ice storm affects the area it hits and will not spread. Furthermore, ice storms are predictable whereas fire is not since the cause of fire is human mistake and is hard to predict. Ice storms are not preventable but human actions can be prevented. The potential of damage from fire is far more severe than that of ice storm. We must increase the awareness to ensure that our woodland remains healthy and protect our ecosystem.

Ctlls Ppa Essay - 5328 Words

PPA Level 4 Assignment 2.3 Theory 1 Produce a methodology for the chosen area of research, the approach taken and a prà ©cis of findings. Research the following points and produce a written rationale for each of the following Principles of assessment, different methods, strengths and limitations of these, relevant to their subject area, which can effectively meet the individual needs of learners. Peer and self-assessment; how this can promote learner involvement and personal responsibility How feedback and questioning contribute to the assessment process The types of assessment records which would be used to meet organisational and external requirements 1 Principles of assessment, different methods, strengths and†¦show more content†¦| Composing | Write a piece in the style of Bach. | Evidence – Recording or Notation Summative – â€Å"as final piece of work† otherwise it is formative Teacher –led assessment unless group discussion is encouraged. | Compose the theme music for a given short film as part of the â€Å"music for film and tv† part of a course. | Formative assessment Evidence – recording or performance of theme, along to film. Recording for teacher assessment or perform for peer assessment. | Compose and perform a piece of music in the  ¾ time signature. As part of a course. | Initial assessment - do they understand  ¾ time. Formative – teaching  ¾ to those that don’t, know ongoing feedback to the students as they compose. Summative – Assess the final performance. Evidence – recording or score of piece, video perfo rmances Teacher is assessing students, at performances there could be discussion and feedback amongst the students, some peer assessment. | Compose a 2 minute body percussion piece in a recognizable jazz style as part of a jazz module. | Formative assessment Evidence- Performance, recording Teacher is assessing students, some peer to peer assessment | Compose a bass-line to a given pop song, after the performance discuss why the notes and rhythm were chosen. | Formative assessment. Self-assessment Evidence – recording of the performance to a backing track or score of the bass-line, recording of discusson following